BEYOND THE WORDS:
SOME IMPLICIT DIMENSIONS OF PSYCHOANALYTIC TREATMENT – CONTRIBUTIONS FROM NEUROSCIENCE
Judith Rustin
doi: 10.12744/tnpt(5)030-038
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Freud began his career attempting to create a neurobiological view of the psyche, as can be seen in his early writings (On Aphasia [1891] and Project for a Scientific Psychology [1895]). Although he subsequently abandoned this approach in favor of a pure metapsychology, he maintained a biological basis for the instincts throughout his career (Leupold-Loewenthal, 1998). Many years later he reiterated his interest in biology in Beyond the Pleasure Principle (Freud, 1920):
Biology is truly a land of unlimited possibilities. We may expect it to give us the most surprising information and we cannot guess what answers it will return in a few dozen years to the questions we have put to it. They may be of a kind which will blow away the whole of our artificial structure of hypotheses…
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